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1·While it sounds like an oxymoron, altruistic punishment is basically how social norms get enforced.

这个术语听起来有点自相矛盾，但正因为有利他惩罚，社会规范才得以巩固。

2·Many evolutionary psychologists believe, however, that without altruistic punishment, cooperation could not have evolved.

然而许多进化心理学家相信，如果利他惩罚现象不存在，人类合作也不可能产生。

3·Researchers found a connection between impulsiveness and altruistic punishment, suggesting that the phenomenon is more the result of emotion (like sidewalk rage) than reason.

研究者发现了冲动与利他惩罚行为之间存在关联，表明这种现象更多出于情绪（譬如人行道躁狂），而非出于理性思考而产生。

4·Low levels of serotonin have been linked with impulsive and irrational behavior, so reducing it could help determine whether self-control and altruistic punishment are affected by it in the same way.

低血清素含量与不理智的冲动行为相关，所以降低血清素水平能确定自我控制和利他惩罚行为同样受血清素水平影响。