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1·Xinjiang was an important penal colony for 150 years after the Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.

清代新疆自乾隆朝统一之后的一个半世纪内，一直是重要的流放地。

2·The first British settlement, a penal colony at Fort Jackson (now part of Sydney), was established in 788.

英国于788年在杰克逊堡（现悉尼一部分）建立第一块流放殖民者居住地。

3·Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.

另一个国家是澳大利亚，因为美国不再是容纳罪犯和欠债者的国度了，澳大利亚就变成了一个惩治罪犯的殖民地。

4·Australia transformed itself from penal colony to one of the most popular property markets and successful developed economies.

澳大利亚就是从一个罪犯流放国跻身于备受青睐的资产市场、成为一个高度发达的国家。