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1·Abdominal surgery on more of an adverse respiratory effects of the main factors are: to stimulate the diaphragm, the incision pain, reflex nerve stimulation, such as pulmonary hypertension.

上腹部手术更易对呼吸造成不良影响，主要影响因素有：膈肌的刺激、切口疼痛、神经反射刺激、肺动脉压增高等。