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1·From the theory of semantic, we know it includes syntagmatic relations and paradigmatic relations.

从语义学原理看，语义结构存在着两种关系：横组合关系和纵组合关系。

2·Language is a system of symbols based on relations, among which syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations are the most universal and important ones.

语言是一个以关系为基础的符号系统，而横组合和纵聚合关系是这个系统中最普遍、最核心的关系。

3·From the two perspectives of the syntagmatic relation and paradigmatic relations, the category of Result is categorized to abstract things and concrete things.

从组合关系和聚合关系两个角度将结果范畴分为成品类、破损痕迹类和抽象事物类、具体事物类。

4·What the vocabulary constituents have formed inside the vocabulary system are paradigmatic relations, which are built on the common features of linguistic units.

词汇成分在词汇系统内部所形成的是以语言单位的共同特征为基础的聚合关系。