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1·The Tokugawa shogunate arose after over a century of civil war.

经过了一个世纪的内战，德川幕府粉墨登场。

2·1868 - the Japanese Meiji dynasty is restored and the Shogunate is abolished.

1868年的今天，日本恢复明治王朝，幕府统治被废除。

3·Even with vastly superior forces, it took the shogunate months of bitter fighting to put them down.

即使拥有压倒性的优势，德川幕府也用了数月艰苦打斗才将他们平息。

4·This system was improved by the Hj family, which took control of the shogunate on Yoritomo's death.

赖朝死后，幕府实权落到北条家族手中，对这个体系做了修正。

5·Because of the practicability of modem science, the Shogunate had to give a part of special room for studying it.

它的实用性使得执行锁国祖法的幕府也不能不辟出一方专门的空间，以求得对它的了解、学习、研究、使用并从中取得利益。

6·Sankin kotai, a system whereby daimyo alternated residency between Edo and their domain, also helped the shogunate keep control of the daimyo.

各地大名必须轮流返回江户居住的参觐交代也更好的帮助德川幕府控制下属大名。

7·Goryokaku in the north of Hakodate overlooking the battlefield and the former is the shogunate forces escaped the land, and was created to protect Goryokaku.

位于五棱郭以北，是函馆俯瞰战场和前幕府势力逃脱之地，而且建立是为了守护五棱郭。