shortage/absence/lack/want.导航词义：短缺

1. shortage:n. 缺少，短缺.指供小于求，即达不到需要或规定的数量。

There is no shortage of funds.

资金并不缺乏。

The bad harvest led to severe food shortages.

歉收造成食物严重短缺。

The war was lost because of a shortage of munitions.

战争因军火不足而失败。

2. absence:n. 缺乏；缺席.指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，也指某人未在现场。

in the absence of evidence

缺乏证据

She noticed the absence of illustrations in the dictionary.

她发现那本词典里没有插图。

Please take care of my mother during my absence.

我不在时，拜托你照看我的母亲。

3. lack:n. 缺乏，不足.普通用词，指完全没有或不够充足，通常用于抽象事物。

Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.

努力工作常可弥补能力的不足。

His lack of money kept him from going to the concert.

他因缺钱不能去听音乐会。

Lack of time prevented me from writing to my parents.

由于没有时间，我没能给父母写信。

4. want:n. 缺乏，匮乏.指完全没有或短缺某物，强调所缺之物是必需的东西，使用范围比lack 要窄一些；也指因没有食物、钱等造成的贫困。

My son's always in want of money.

我儿子总是缺钱。

The kids are unhappy for want of love.

这些孩子因为缺乏爱而不幸福。

Many families are suffering from want.

许多家庭正遭受着贫困。

全部

1·His absence went unremarked.

没有人注意到他不在场。《牛津词典》

2·She did not mention her mother's absence.

她没有提到她母亲的缺席。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

3·I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.

我想不出他缺席的任何理由。《牛津词典》

4·She concocted some elaborate story to explain her absence.

她精心编造了解释她不在场的一些谎言。《牛津词典》

5·The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.

此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。《牛津词典》

6·She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms.

她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。《牛津词典》

7·There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.

关于他缺席的原因已经有多种传闻。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

8·When it came to cleaning up afterwards, Anne was conspicuous by her absence.

后来到做扫除时，本应在场的安妮却因为不在而引起了注意。《牛津词典》

9·Was it strange for you, going back after such a long absence?—Yes and no.

“这对你来讲奇怪吗，这么长时间不在之后又回去？”—“不好说。”《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

10·The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence of the world champion.

世界冠军的缺席使这场比赛变得胜负难定。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

没有

1·It's not quite peace in the strictest sense of the word, rather the absence of war.

这个词就其最确切的意义而言不完全是和平，更像是没有战争。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·Red leaves only satisfy in the absence of greens.

只有没有绿叶时，红叶才令人满意。

3·In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.

在没有狼的情况下，土狼的数量也迅速增加。

4·Why? Because there's more to life than just pleasure and the absence of pain, so it seems to me.

为什么？因为在我看来，生活不仅仅是快乐和没有痛苦。

5·Its clean air, attractive parks, and the absence of any industry, make this an ideal spot for people looking for a quiet life.

它有干净的空气、吸引人的公园以及没有任何工业，使它成为人们寻找安静生活的理想场所。

缺席

1·She did not mention her mother's absence.

她没有提到她母亲的缺席。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.

我想不出他缺席的任何理由。《牛津词典》

3·There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.

关于他缺席的原因已经有多种传闻。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

4·The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence of the world champion.

世界冠军的缺席使这场比赛变得胜负难定。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

5·The team was crippled by his absence.

他的缺席使这支球队的实力削弱。《新英汉大辞典》

缺乏

1·In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.

在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。《新英汉大辞典》

2·In the absence of parents' company in their childhood, these children will lack of confidence.

童年时缺乏父母陪伴，孩子们会缺乏自信。

3·In the absence of clear goals, we become strangely loyal to performing daily doings until we become slaves of them.

在缺乏明确目标的情况下，我们会奇怪地忠于执行日常的事情，直到我们成为它们的奴隶。

4·Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach.

粮食和援助从大多数发达国家涌入这片大陆，但由于缺乏高效的分配系统，饥饿的人们仍然饥肠辘辘。

5·The paper believes the cacodoxy of the administerial notion has resulted in the absence of mental drive to government efficiency.

该论文认为，行政概念的错误导致人们缺乏提高政府效率的精神动力。

缺如

1·Some gross observations occasionally will be found as lagniappe, such as the notation that in patients with congenital absence of a kidney, the ipsilateral adrenal will be round rather than angulated.

本书中有时也能发现我们赠送给读者的“小礼品”，一些大体标本的观察，例如先天性肾缺如的患者，其肾上腺是圆形的而不是成角的。

2·Results: During the Warring States era, the name, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of blackish facial patch had preliminary study, only formulae and drugs absence.

结果：早在春秋战国时期，对黧黑斑之病名、病因病机、诊断与治法已有初步研究，唯独方药缺如。

(1)absence of缺乏

(1)in the absence of缺乏，不存在；无…时，缺少…时

(1)absence from缺席；不在

(1)in absence当…不在的时候；缺席

(1)in absence of缺乏…

(1)absence of mind心不在焉