harm/damage/hurt/impair.导航词义：伤害，损害

1. harm:v. 伤害，损害.用于人、动物或环境，也可用于名誉或形象，程度较轻。

The kidnappers didn't harm the little boy.

绑匪没有伤害那个小男孩。

Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.

不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。

This machine can handle chemicals that harm the environment.

这台机器能够处理损害环境的化学物品。

His failures harmed his reputation.

他屡次失败使他的声誉受损。

2. damage:v. 损害，毁坏.可以用于某物或某人的身体，表示使之失去价值或功能；也可用于感情、信心等，表示产生不良影响。

The early frost damaged the crops.

早霜把庄稼给毁了。

His car was damaged in a collision.

他的汽车被撞坏了。

Smoking can damage your health.

吸烟会损害健康。

More attention should be given to emotionally damaged children.

感情受到伤害的儿童应该得到更多关注。

3. hurt:v. 受伤；损害，伤害.指身体、感情等受到伤害，侧重于感到疼痛，也可指产生不良影响，程度可轻可重。

He hurt his right leg badly in the football match.

在那场足球赛中，他的右腿受了重伤。

He hurt her feelings.

他伤害了她的感情。

Unfair competition has hurt the company's position in the market.

不公平竞争已经对这家公司的市场地位造成损害。

4. impair:v. 损害，削弱.指使情况变得更糟、价值更小等。

Smoking impaired his health.

吸烟使他的健康变得更糟。

His vision was impaired.

他的视力变差了。

全部

1·It may impair the digestive system.

它可能会损害消化系统。

2·Their inability to scowl seemed to impair their ability to see why pushy telemarketers or a lack of birthday wishes might make one's face fall.

他们无法动怒似乎削弱了他们的能力，让他们明白为什么咄咄逼人的电话推销员或没得到生日祝愿可能会让一个人沉下脸来。

3·Even one drink can impair driving performance.

即使一杯酒也可能影响驾驶操作。《牛津词典》

4·This shows that when people have to consider the information they hear carefully, it can impair their driving ability significantly.

这表明，当人们不得不仔细思考他们听到的信息时，他们的驾驶能力会严重下降。

5·Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice.

一些本该简单透明的东西，却在有意或无意间变得复杂难懂，从而损害了消费者的选择权。

6·It is known that noise pollution from offshore industry, shipping and sonar can impair underwater communication, but can it really drive whales onto our beaches?

众所周知，来自近海工业、船舶和声纳的噪音污染会阻碍水下通信，但这些噪音真的能把鲸鱼赶到我们的海滩上吗？

7·Certain medical issues can also impair hair growth.

一些疾病也可能影响头发的生长。

8·Insufficient ingestion of staple food may thus impair memory.

故主食摄取不足可能对记忆力造成损害。

9·Then it can really start to impair your ability to communicate.

然后，它开始削弱你的社交能力。

10·Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.

极度紧张有可能损害神经和免疫系统发育。

损害

1·While overindulging can make the brain sluggish and lead to long-term detriments to your brain, too few calories can also impair brain function.

尽管进食过量会使得大脑呆滞，导致你头脑长期的损伤，可是摄入的卡路里太少，也可以损害大脑的功能。

2·Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.

超重和肥胖的定义是可损害健康的异常或过量脂肪累积。

3·It says estimates should be based on known factors, including historic and existing conditions that could impair a creditor's ability to pay back its obligation in a timely fashion.

它表示评估必须以已知因素为基础，包括过去的和现在的条件这样可能损害债权人及时履行偿还义务的能力。

4·Insufficient ingestion of staple food may thus impair memory.

故主食摄取不足可能对记忆力造成损害。

5·It should be obvious then, that anti-inflammatory medications actually impair the body's ability to detoxify, repair and protect itself.

显而易见，消炎药实际上是在损害身体的解毒，修复和保护自己的能力。

削弱

1·Forcing them to disclose information would impair their incentive to uncover and correct market inefficiencies, to the detriment of all.

强迫他们揭开信息会削弱他们发现和纠正市场无效率的动力，这会对全部造成伤害。

2·For example, it can impair orientation and sense of smell in young clownfish, making them more vulnerable to predators.

例如，它能削弱幼年小丑鱼的方向感和嗅觉，让它们更容易受到捕食者的攻击。

3·Alcohol can also impair judgment to the extent that you may not make the best or brightest decisions in a cold weather emergency.

酒精还能削弱你的判断能力，在寒冷天气下出现紧急状况时不能做出最佳和最明智的决定。

4·His cabinet office HQ is perfect if the intention is to limit his influence and impair his ability to do anything substantial.

如果内阁办公室总部的目的就是限制副首相的影响，削弱他的实力的话，那这个总部圆满完成了任务。

5·Competitive situations do not activate women's cortisol response with such intensity, so market mayhem is less likely to impair their judgment.

女性的皮质醇响应没那么强烈不会形成竞争态势，所以市场混乱不太可能削弱她们的判断力。

害

1·If leave him ashore the inverse ambition impair him.

要是把他留下反而会害了他。