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1·The theory of monopoly is applicable to such firms, although they may face an additional and important constraint: a price increase may affect the behavior of rivals.

垄断理论对这类公司也适用，虽然他们会多一个重要的限制条件，即涨价可能影响其竞争者的行为。

2·Where a monopoly exists, the price of a product is likely to be higher than in a competitive market and the quantity sold less, generating monopoly profits for the seller.

当存在垄断时，产品的价格通常比竞争市场里的更高，卖出的量更少，产生垄断利润。

3·3 (Exercise) If both demand and supply have constant elasticity, compute the monopoly quantity and price.

如果供给和需求曲线均不变，那么垄断价格和数量是多少？

4·However, there are many firms that have market power or monopoly power, which means that they can increase their price above marginal cost and sustain sales for a long period of time. [1].

但同时许多企业具有一定的市场势力或者说是垄断势力，这意味着他们能够长期将价格定在边际成本之上。

5·If there is a rise in the price of [natural] gas, we will have to pass that along, since we are not going to see Tenaga [the state power monopoly] lose money, he said.

他表示：“如果天然气价格上升，我们将不得不转嫁出去，因为我们不想见到(国家电力垄断公司)Tenaga亏本。”

6·So how does a monopoly choose its price and quantity?

一个垄断者可以直接选择价格，或者通过选择销售数量来间接调控价格。 因为成本是数量的函数，所以利用数量而不是价格会使得计算简单点。

7·A monopoly is a firm that faces a downward sloping demand, and has a choice about what price to charge - an increase in price doesn't send most or all of the customers away to rivals.

垄断是指企业面对着一条下降的需求曲线，却可以选择要价，即价格的上升不会把所有或者大部分顾客推向竞争对手。

8·The shop-keeper, aware of his chicken monopoly, demands an outrageous price, which I reluctantly pay.

店主知道他的鸡奇货可居，所以就漫天要价，我也只能不情愿地挨宰了。

9·The agreement concluded by the downstream distributors and Company a belongs to restricting the lowest price for resale under vertical monopoly agreement.

公司与下游经销商达成的协议属于纵向垄断协议中的限定向第三人转售商品的最低价格的协议。

10·Thus, a monopoly chooses a quantity qm where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, and charges the maximum price p(qm) the market will bear at that quantity.

这样，垄断者将选择生产当边际收益与边际成本相同时的产量qm。 然后向市场收取那个产量下市场能够承受的最大价格p(qm)。