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1·Labor Disutility in substitution of Leisure utility.

用劳动负效用替代闲暇效用。

2·Contingent valuation is based on surveys of the disutility of death at different ages.

条件价值评估是基于不同年龄段的“负效用”死亡的数项调查。

3·The utility of the wage when a given volume of Labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility of that amount of employment.

对于给定的就业人数，工资的效用等于该就业量的边际负效用。

4·Third, an incumbent auditor's investment in client-specific audit technology may change the auditor's type and, in turn, increase the client's disutility from switching.

第三，现任审计师在针对具体审计客户有关审计技术的投入可能会改变审计师类型，且最终会增加客户更换审计师的不经济性；

5·The principal has to pay additional fairness rents ( FR) to compensate the disutility of agents with fairness preferences, which results from unfair allocation of material payoff.

具有公平偏好的代理人面临不公平的物质收益分配会产生公平负效用，这要求委托人支付额外的公平租金。