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1·To the west, the Normans have taken southern Italy, and in the east the Seljuk Turks have moved into Asia Minor after their decisive and terrible victory at Manzikert.

在帝国的西部，诺曼人占领了南意大利。在东部，塞尔柱土耳其人在曼兹科特取得了决定性的辉煌胜利之后，进军小亚细亚。

2·But less than a century after it became the Armenian capital in 961, the city began falling victim to waves of conquerors, including Seljuk Turks, Georgians and Mongols.

然而她在961年成为亚美尼亚的首都后不到一个世纪，便开始沦为一系列征服者的牺牲品，这些征服者包括塞尔柱王朝的土耳其人、格鲁吉亚人和蒙古人。

3·But less than a century after it became the Armenian capital in 961, the city began falling victim to waves of conquerors, including seljuk turks, georgians and mongols.

然而她在961年成为亚美尼亚的首都后不到一个世纪，便开始沦为一系列征服者的牺牲品，这些征服者包括塞尔柱王朝的土耳其人、乔治亚人和蒙古人。