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1·The effects of predation risk in small mammals are mainly include: changes of behavior, activation of the neural circuit and variation of the endocrine.

捕食风险对小型哺乳动物的影响主要包括行为的改变、神经环路的激活和内分泌的变化。

2·We thus conclude that the aphids have the ability to detect the presence of P. japonica and adopt initiative avoidance responses to reduce the predation risk.

结论认为，桃蚜可以识别龟纹瓢虫的存在，并对其作出一定的躲避反应，从而降低被捕食的风险。

3·Starting from natural predation systems, we present a new mechanism involving heterogeneous predation risk, and develop a new dynamical system model in patchy habitats.

从生物的捕食系统出发，提出了一种斑块生境中具有异质捕食风险的新机制，并构造了一个动力系统模型。