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1·Therefore, a secondary infiltration or metastasis to the colon and rectum must be excluded before a definite diagnosis of primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma can be established.

因此，在原发性结直肠印戒细胞癌明确诊断前必须排除其它器官的直接浸润或转移至结直肠。

2·Objectives To study the extent and method in laparoscopic clearance of lymph nodes during radical operation for carcinoma of rectum and sigmoid colon.

目的研究经腹腔镜行乙状结肠、直肠癌根治术中淋巴结清扫的范围和方法。

3·Conclusion: the three dimensional conformal radiation therapy is better for postoperative recrudescent patients with carcinoma of rectum, better than conventional radiotherapy.

结论：对于术后复发的直肠癌患者行三维适形照射优于以往常规照射方式。

4·Objective To study the clinical-pathological characteristics and the diagnostic criteria of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the rectum.

目的探讨直肠基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌(BSCC)的组织化学、免疫组化特征及在病理诊断中的作用。

5·Lymphatic spread of rectal carcinoma is in connection with sites within the rectum, size, depth of invasion, pathological type, degree of differentiation.

直肠癌的淋巴结转移和肿瘤部位、大小、浸润肠壁深度、病理类型、癌细胞分化程度有关。

6·Conclusion: The cell proliferation dynamics may act as a important factor of rectum carcinoma relapse.

结论：细胞增殖动力学可作为大肠癌复发的一个重要因素。

7·Methods Specimens were obtained from 30 patients with rectum adenocarcinoma, and examined for the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in carcinoma region and normal region.

方法取人直肠腺癌手术材料30例，用免疫组化方法检测癌区和癌周正常区vegf - C和VEGFR - 3的表达情况。

8·Objective To observe the clinical pathological changes of the carcinoma of low and middle portions of the rectum after preoperative radiation.

目的观察中低位直肠腺癌术前放疗效果的临床病理改变。

9·Objective to explore the cause and treatment of the abnormal stool after the operation of rectum carcinoma resection with reserving the anus.

目的探讨直肠癌保肛术后排便异常的原因和治疗。