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1·Their difference is a quadratic residue of 17.

它们的差是17的平方剩余。

2·Generally, this problem is reduced to quadratic residue problem of modulo a big prime number. But this reduction is not applicable to Optimal Extension Fields (OEF).

一般而言，该问题归结为模大素数的二次剩余问题，但这种归结不能用于最优扩域OEF。

3·The quadratic residue theory was used for selecting randomly the embedding positions, and an extended coding scheme is utilizing for dynamically hiding secret messages.

该算法引入二次余数理论随机选择嵌入位置，并且采用了一种扩展的编码机制动态地隐藏秘密信息。

4·It mainly discusses units, prime elements, factorization, the properties of residue class ring of quadratic domain in the paper.

主要讨论了二次整环的单位、素元、因子分解、二次整环的剩余类环的性质等问题。