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1·You can literally see the shock coming through the undisturbed atmosphere of the red giant star and then the subsequent expansion of that star, Nugent said.

“你可以清楚地看到震波经过那颗红巨星的未被扰动的大气以及随之而来的恒星的膨胀，”纽金特说。

2·Our Sun is between the lightweight and heavyweight stars. The red giant star at the bottom of the graphic is much larger than the other stars in the illustration.

在插图下方的红巨星看起来比其他的恒星都要大，但是它的质量却只有太阳的十几分之一到几分之一。

3·Billions of years ago Mira was likely similar to our Sun, but has now become a swollen red giant star, its outer layers of material blowing off into interstellar space.

数十亿年前，苎藁增二是一颗类似我们太阳的恒星，但现在变成了一颗肿胀的红巨星，它外层的物质被吹到星际太空中。

4·In another paper in the same issue, a different research team reports using Kepler data to detect a system of three stars, which includes a red giant star and two red dwarfs.

在同一期《科学》杂志的另外一篇论文中，另外一个研究小组报道：他们利用开普勒数据发现了一个三星系统，其中包括一颗红巨星和两颗红矮星。

5·Every 20 years or so the red giant star dumps enough hydrogen gas onto its companion White Dwarf star to set off a brilliant thermonuclear explosion on the White Dwarf's surface.

大约每过20年红巨星向它的白矮伴星上输出足够的氢气在白矮星表面产生一次耀眼的热核爆炸。

6·At this stage, the star becomes a large red giant.

在此阶段，这个恒星变成了巨大的红巨星。

7·The star is in its twilight years, having become a red giant.

这颗恒星处于衰退期，已经变成了一个红巨星。

8·When a star similar to the sun fuses most of its hydrogen into helium, then the helium into carbon, the star becomes unstable and puffs out into a red giant.

当一颗类日恒星大部分的氢聚变为氦，氦又聚变成碳的时候，它就变得不再稳定，而膨胀成一颗红巨星。

9·This causes the star's outer layers to expand enormously and to cool and glow red as they do so, rendering the star a red giant.

这使得恒星的外层急剧膨胀，并因冷却而发出红色的光，而成为了一颗红巨星。

10·The bigger a star is, the more rapidly it burns up its fuel, and the quicker it becomes a bloated red giant.

那么这颗恒星越大，其消耗能量的速度就越高，从而其变成一个膨胀红巨星的速度则越快。