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1·To beat a horse for doing something that comes naturally to him, like running away from pain, is clearly the act of a brutal or crazy person.

因为马出于本能而做出诸如“因疼痛而逃跑”等行为而鞭打它们，实在是残酷或疯狂的人才会采取的行为。

2·I call that a true moral act when we perceive a thing completely and act, and not when forced by circumstances, or there is brought about a brotherhood forced by the sheer brutal necessity of life.

如果我们完全理解了一件事情并有所作为，而不是受环境驱使，或者被无情的最基本生存需要所驱使产生兄弟关系，那么我把这种行为叫做真正的德行。