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1·And the precipitation of Nb has the effect of precipitation hardening and grain refinement.

钢中铌的沉淀析出具有沉淀强化和晶粒细化的作用。

2·The precipitation hardening effect and the grain refining effect of trace elements vanadium and titanium in microalloyed steels were researched on.

本文研究了微量元素钒、钛在非调质钢中的析出硬化作用和细化晶粒作用。

3·The most commonly used heat treatments on metals are softening annealing, quenching, normalizing, surface hardening treatment, precipitation hardening.

最常见的热处理包括软化退火、淬火、正火、表面强硬化、淀积硬化。

4·The corrosion resistance of 07X16H6 precipitation hardening stainless steel in tempered state was studied using high temperature oxidation, salt-spray test and stress corrosion test.

通过高温抗氧化、盐雾腐蚀和应力腐蚀试验研究了07X16H6沉淀硬化不锈钢在使用状态（回火态）时的耐蚀性能。

5·The authors suggest that the primary factors of the reheat embrittlement are precipitation of coarse carbide along the grain boundary and secondary hardening in the grain.

出现再热脆性的主要原因是晶界粗大碳化物的析出和晶内二次硬化。