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1·Despite a notional commitment to floating rates, there have been several bouts of intervention; the latest came on August 4th, when the Japanese tried to drive down their currency.

尽管名义上致力于浮动汇率，但是有几次还是进行了干预；最近一次发生在8月4日，日本试图让自身的货币贬值。

2·Employees accrue a notional benefit each year which is converted into an income at retirement, using annuity rates.

雇员每年缴纳一定的费用，按照年利率转化为退休时的收入。