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1·Obiective to study the application of root apex locator to diagnose vertical root fracture.

目的研究应用根尖定位仪诊断牙根纵裂。

2·Objective To discuss the combined treatment methods and curative effects for root apex granuloma.

目的探讨根尖肉芽肿的综合治疗措施与疗效。

3·The dead load shear and impact shear testing were performed from both of root apex direction and cutting edge direction.

测试了剪切力分别沿根尖方向和切缘方向作用的静剪切和冲击剪切强度。

4·Methods We used the root apex locator to measure work length of each root canal of 36 cases and compared the measured results.

方法用根尖定位仪测量36例患牙的每个根管工作长度，并进行比较。

5·From pulp chamber to root apex, the diameter, the density and the mean percentage area of tubular openings all reduced gradually.

从髓室自根尖方向，牙本质小管口的直径、密度和相对面积均逐渐减小。

6·Just to give you an example, every single root apex is able to detect and to monitor concurrently and continuously at least 15 different chemical and physical parameters.

举例来说，每根牙根尖，都能同时不间断地探测和监视至少十五种理化参数。

7·For teeth that cannot be treated with orthograde root canal therapy, or for which it has failed, retrograde root filling, which seals the root canal from the root apex, is a good alternative.

对于不能用矫正根管治疗或用次治疗失败的牙齿，根尖倒充填(其将根管从根尖密封)是个良好的替代方案。

8·Results Secondary infection of the root tubes , apex overfilled and peripheral mechanical injury were main failure factors in the treatment of root tubes .

结果根管治疗失败的主要原因为根管继发感染、根尖超填及根尖周机械损伤。

9·ConclusionTRI AUTO Zx root canal apex locator is not a reliable tool for detection of the working length of root canal in the aged with lesion on root tip.

结论根管测量仪不能作为确定老年人有根尖病变根管工作长度的最终手段。

10·The anaerobic bacteria with their antigens as mentioned above were found in the exudative zone, necro'tic zone and granulomas adjacent to the root-apex, and were also related to macrophage.

上述抗原定位于根尖周肉芽肿的渗出区、坏死区及根尖面，并与巨噬细胞有关。