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1·Psychological dependence induced by opioids implicates the involvement of learning and memory function.

阿片类药物造成的心理依赖作用提示与学习记忆功能有关。

2·Opioids and/or sedatives administered for prolonged periods (i. e. , days) should be weaned over several days in order to reduce the risk of drug withdrawal.

因此，对于阿片和/或其他镇静药物的治疗中，给药治疗时间较长（如数天）的患者，为了减少戒断谵妄的危险，应花数天时间逐渐减量停药。

3·Meanwhile, psychiatrists should be aware that “procedural options exist to relieve pain and minimize the use of opioids in this at-risk population, ” Panchal said.

同时，精神科医生应该知道“高危人群应程序化选择用药，以减轻疼痛和将阿片类药物的使用最小化。”

4·Opioids offer strong pain relief. But they are addictive, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Taking too many or too much can be fatal.

根据美国疾病控制预中心所言，阿片类药物能强力缓解疼痛。但是他们会让人上瘾。过量服用这类药物可能会致命。

5·For example, neural regions rich in opioids and serotonin, which relieve anxiety and pain and contribute to a sense of calm, did not light up for the newly-in-love.

比如那些富含类阿片与血清素的神经区域，在长期爱情中能够减轻焦虑与痛苦，产生一种镇定的感觉，在短期爱情中并没有出现。

6·Especially, some of them show biphasic modulation on opioid functions, which enhance opioid analgesia, but inhibit tolerance to and substance dependence on opioids.

特别是有些药物能对阿片功能产生双向调节作用，即增强阿片镇痛，对抗阿片耐受和躯体依赖。

7·The blood levels of opioids that are required to provide analgesia are less than those that usually result in significant respiratory depression or marked oversedation.

产生镇痛的血药水平要低于引起显著呼吸抑制或过度镇静的水平。

8·Results the obvious factors associated with PONV included gender, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, to use opioids postoperatively and history of motion sickness.

结果显著影响PONV发生率的因素有性别、麻醉方式、手术时间、术后阿片类药物镇痛及既往PONV或晕动病史。

9·“Opioids and their receptors act as growth regulators during embryologic development, which may explain our findings, ” said Cheryl S. Broussard, the paper’s lead author.

“在胚胎发育过程中，阿片类镇痛药物及其受体会起到生长调节素的作用，这或许可以解释我们的研究发现”，该研究报告著者Cheryl S. Broussard说道。

10·Naltrexone (NTX) is a general opioid receptor antagonist devoid of intrinsic activity that results in a compensatory elevation in endogenous opioids and opioid receptors.

纳曲酮(ntx)是一个阿片受体的拮抗剂，因为他缺乏内在的活性，所以会导致细胞内的阿片类分子和阿片受体补偿性的增加。

阿片类药物

1·Meanwhile, psychiatrists should be aware that “procedural options exist to relieve pain and minimize the use of opioids in this at-risk population, ” Panchal said.

同时，精神科医生应该知道“高危人群应程序化选择用药，以减轻疼痛和将阿片类药物的使用最小化。”