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1·All of the following are outputs of cost estimating EXCEPT?

下列各项哪一项不是成本估算的输出？

2·Cost estimating is one of the most important steps in project management.

成本估算是项目管理中最重要的环节之一。

3·The paper presents concept of cost estimating throughout the machine life.

本文提出了通过机械设备生存期评估其成本的概念。

4·Which of the following techniques for cost estimating is considered the least accurate?

下列哪一项估算成本的技术是最不准确的?。

5·Taking gyrating parts as an example, the cost estimating method based on similarity is verified and analyzed by the example.

以回转类零件为例，对基于相似性的成本估算方法进行了实例应用验证和分析。

6·The cost oriented machine design and the methods of cost estimating like parametric estimating, feature based costing are discussed.

用参数化的方法进行面向机械设计的成本评估，同时讨论了基于零件特征的成本分析。

7·Based on the study of the domestic and international products' cost estimating method, the paper spreads out from four following respects.

在对国内外产品成本估算方法研究的基础上，本文的工作主要从以下四个方面展开。

8·For all the effort the Pentagon, the intelligence agencies and NASA put into it, cost estimating and judging life cycle costs is daunting work.

对于五角大楼、情报机构、美国国家航天和宇宙航行局所有的努力来说，预测本钱和判断全寿命费用是一项令人挠头的工作。

9·The conservative benefit and cost estimating technique is recommended for all discounted cash flow applications including comparative life-cost studies.

这种保守的好处和成本估算技术被为全部打折扣的现金收支建议包括比较生活费用的应用研究。

10·Since only the lowest bidder will be the winner of the contract in most bidding contests, any effort devoted to cost estimating is a loss to the contractor who is not a successful bidder.

由于在大多数工程招标中一般都是最低价中标，所以对于未中标者来说，在投标估价过程中的任何投入都是浪费。