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1·Isochromosome — an abnormal chromosome in which one arm is duplicated (forming two arms of equal length, with the same loci in reverse sequence) and the other arm is missing.

着丝粒在染色体中间，两臂等长的染色体。

2·The conservation of duplicated fragments between chromosome 11 and 12 was not detected in the indica map.

在这个籼稻图谱中，未检测到第11号和12号染色体间的重复性。