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1·Lens equation is derived by using Fermat's principle.

用费马原理推导了透镜的物像公式.

2·Ray equation is derived from Fermat's principle in variation form.

本文由费马原理的变分形式，导出光线微分方程。

3·The fastest route that a seismic ray can travel between two points, generally dictated by Fermat's principle.

地震射线通过两点的最快的路径，通常根据费马原理确定。

4·Based on Fermat's principle, the paper USES full-path iterative algorithm to realize 3-d VSP two-point ray tracing in volume element model.

本文基于费马原理，利用全路径迭代算法实现体元模型中的三维VSP两点射线追踪。

5·The second order ion trajectories in crossed toroidal electric and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are derived by means of the Fermat's principle and expressed in energy deviation.

本文用变分方法计算了环形电场与非均匀磁场重叠场的二级离子轨迹，以能量分散形式加以表述。