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1·But handing out emission permits does, in effect, transfer wealth from taxpayers to industry.

但是这样发放排放许可确实在实践中会将纳税人的财富转移向工业企业。

2·In principle, emission taxes and tradable emission permits are equally effective at limiting pollution.

原则上，排放税和可交易排放许可在限制污染上是一样有效的。

3·If that is not possible, sell rather than give away carbon-emission permits, or raise the federal fuel tax.

如果这无法实现，那么宁可出售碳排放许可权也不要放弃，或者干脆提高联邦燃油税。

4·The dynamic consistency problem of the policy to allocate the initial emission permits is analyzed in the paper.

文章分析了管理部门初始排污权分配政策的动态一致性问题。

5·The paper focuses on the impact of emission permits and trading on the production policy for emission-dependent firms.

本文旨在研究排放许可与交易机制对排放依赖性企业生产策略的影响。

6·The economics ground for tradable emission permits (TEP) is analyzed with externality, property right and other theories.

从环境外部性理论、产权理论等方面探讨了排污权交易制度的经济学基础。

7·Based on the homogeneous multi-unit characteristic of emission permits, multi-round first-price sealed-bid auction model is established.

文章针对初始排污权的同质多物品特性，建立了多轮一阶密封投标拍卖模型。

8·But some oppose the provision that would allocate free emission permits to utilities, power plants, and other industrial facilities through 2036.

但也有些议员反对规定直到2036，免费排放许可证可以发给公用设施，发电厂及其它工业设施。

9·In particular, in the first years of the program's operation more than a third of the allocation of emission permits would be handed over at no charge to the power industry.

尤其是在这个方案实行的第一年，三分之一的排放许可都将免费发放给电力工业。

10·Presently, several markets of carbon emission permits trade have already been established, but the low liquidity between different markets is featured for its further development.

目前国际上已形成多个碳排放权交易市场，但是各个交易市场之间流动性差，有待进一步完善。