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1·Previously, Duchateau (2005) tested a direct substitution of a WPC sill plate for PPT lumber in light-frame walls.

此前，Duchateau(2005)做了轻型框架结构中用WPC直接替代PPT木质板材做地基木的测试。

2·Companies, which account for 80% or more of revenue from letters at postal firms, have slashed direct-mail advertising budgets and embraced substitution as a way to reduce costs.

一般来说，邮递业收入中超过80%来自公司企业的信件投递业务，而这些大主顾现在却不得不大幅减少自身的广告邮件预算并大量使用电子邮件以降低公司的运营成本。

3·Through imitation Japan, Germany, Italy and other countries products, direct import substitution.

通过日本、德国、意大利等国产品，直接替代进口。

4·Perhaps the most distinctive feature of many administrative adjudications is the substitution of written evidence for direct oral testimony.

大概，许多行政裁决的最显著的特点是用书面证据代替直接的口头证言。

5·Namely, including the direct demand in money, the stock market exerts influences on the money demand by the combined roles of effects of wealth, exchange, asset integration and substitution.

货币需求通过直接和间接方式对股票市场产生影响，而股票市场通过财富效应、交易效应、资产组合效应和替代效应的共同作用对货币需求产生影响。