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1·This is a critical link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle (3).

该反应是糖酵解和三羧酸循环的关键连接(3)。

2·In cells with high PHGDH expression, the serine synthesis pathway contributes approximately 50% of the total anaplerotic flux of glutamine into the TCA cycle.

在PHGDH高表达的细胞中，丝氨酸合成途径为三羧酸循环贡献了接近总量50%的谷氨酰胺回补通量。

3·Hypoxia can directly induce pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) expression, which results in inactivation of PDH and the TCA cycle and subsequent suppression of metabolism (4).

低氧条件会直接诱导丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶1 (PDHK1)的表达，它的表达会抑制pdh的活性和TCA循环，从而抑制了随后的代谢通路(4)。

4·Aconitase 2 (ACO2) catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the second step of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (1, 2).

顺乌头酸酶2 (ACO2)在三羧酸循环第二步骤中催化从柠檬酸经顺乌头酸生成异柠檬酸的异构化(1,2)。