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1·First, companies are raising more and more capital through privately issued loan instruments, as opposed to public equity-such as selling stocks or issuing bonds, which can be openly traded.

首先，公司在举越来越多的债务，通过私下发行的贷款工具，而不是采用向大众公开发行证券——比如出售股票或者发行债券，这些都可以进行公开的交易。

2·Stocks, too, took a hit, although the sell-off in the U. S. was also fueled by renewed concerns about the impact that home loan foreclosure problems will have on banks.

股市遭受打击，各级银行的房屋贷款止赎问题引发新的担忧情绪，导致美国股市出现抛售。

3·The stocks of Chinese Banks fell this year and were trading at price-to-book ratios that assumed these institutions would suffer substantial losses on their loan portfolios.

中国银行的股票下跌，今年和交易，在价格与帐面价值的比率，假设这些机构将蒙受其贷款组合的重大损失。