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1·The issue of upper vs whole mantle convection is critically discussed.

最后，着重讨论了上地幔与全地幔对流的论争。

2·Therefore, the CMB is the beginning and the end of whole mantle convection.

因此，地幔底层既是全地幔对流的起点，又是全地幔对流的终点。

3·Numerical experiment is a basic method in the study of Earth's mantle convection.

数值实验是地幔对流研究的基本方法。

4·No comprehensive theory accounts satisfactorily for the driven force of plate motion and mechanism of mantle convection.

至今还没有完整理论阐明板块运动的驱动力和地幔对流机制。

5·Plume tectonic is a new global tectonic theory that was proposed based on whole mantle convection and hotspot volcanisms.

地幔柱构造是基于全地幔对流模式、主要依据热点火山活动提出的新的全球构造理论。

6·Simple models, no matter whole mantle convection model, or layered mantle convection model, cannot explain all the observations.

无论是简单的全地幔对流模型或分层地幔对流模型，都不能完全解释全部观测事实。

7·Seismological and geodynamical evidences supported whole mantle convection model, while geochemical ones supported layered convection model.

地震学、地球动力学研究倾向于全地幔对流模型； 地球化学研究则支持分层地幔对流。

8·The ratio of poloidal to toroidal component of mantle convection determined the proportion of seismic energy released in the thrust, normal, or strike-slip earthquakes.

地幔对流的垂直运动与水平运动分量的比率，决定了逆冲、引张与走滑型强震的能量释放份额。

9·The mantle convection is the primary driving force for the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins, and manifested in the position of the asthenosphere, Moho discontinuity and mantle plume.

软流圈上涌高度，莫霍面或地幔羽的位置是地幔对流的具体的表现。

10·Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates.

另一种可能是下沉的板块冷却了邻近的地幔，并产生对流，使板块移动。