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1·This process is highly conserved in eukaryotes.

该过程在进化过程中高度保守。

2·The chromosomes of eukaryotes are nucleoproteins.

真核细胞的染色体是核蛋白。

3·Antimicrobial peptides are found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

抗菌肽在原核生物与真核生物中都存在。

4·Eukaryotes are odd in that their genes are in pieces, rather than continuous.

真核细胞有一点很奇怪，它们的每段基因（在染色体上）不是头尾相连的，而是一簇簇的。

5·But what enabled eukaryotes to accumulate all these extra genes and proteins?

但什么东西可以使真核生物积聚如此之多、甚至有些多余的基因和蛋白质？

6·Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated primarily at the level of transcription.

在真核生物中基因表达的调节主要是在转录水平。

7·The general features of nucleosome structure appear to be similar in all eukaryotes.

体结构的一般特性似乎在所有的真核生物中都很相似。

8·Archaeans have cell membranes that are completely different from both bacteria and eukaryotes.

古生菌还具有完全与细菌和真核生物不同的细胞膜。

9·Like other archaeans, their genomes share some similarities with both eukaryotes and bacteria.

像其他古生菌一样，这种古生菌的基因组同时与真核生物和细菌的基因组具有一些相似性。

10·Theory that introns were introduced into eukaryotes after the lineage separated from prokaryotes.

认为内含子是真核生物在与原核生物进化谱系分开以后才开始有的理论。

真核生物

1·And that, Lane and Martin conclude, may well explain why complex life — eukaryotes — only evolved once in all of Earth's history.

莱恩和马丁总结而这很可能解释为什么复杂的生命——真核生物——在地球的历史上仅进化了一次。

2·Mitochondria give eukaryotes four or five orders of magnitude more energy per gene, and that enabled them to tunnel straight through the walls of the chasm.

线粒体给予真核生物每个基因四或者五个数量级多的能源，这使他们能够穿过鸿沟的墙壁，打开直通道。

3·Archaeans have cell membranes that are completely different from both bacteria and eukaryotes.

古生菌还具有完全与细菌和真核生物不同的细胞膜。

4·But all this DNA has a big energetic cost that cripples even giant bacteria — stopping them from turning into more complex eukaryotes.

但是，所有这些DNA需要高能耗，大量成本甚至削弱巨大的细菌——阻止它们成为更为复杂的真核生物。

5·While, like bacteria, archaeans don't have a cell nucleus, they share other traits with eukaryotes like you and me.

虽然，像细菌一样，古生菌也没有细胞核，但是它们与你我这样的真核生物具有其他共同的特性。

真核细胞

1·The chromosomes of eukaryotes are nucleoproteins.

真核细胞的染色体是核蛋白。